{"id":309,"date":"2021-12-03T01:40:59","date_gmt":"2021-12-03T01:40:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/drnikkibrown.createuky.net\/drvk\/?p=309"},"modified":"2023-11-27T22:13:30","modified_gmt":"2023-11-27T22:13:30","slug":"virgil-bowers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/biographies\/virgil-bowers\/","title":{"rendered":"Bowers, Virgil"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\">Virgil Bowers was an African American man residing in London, Kentucky.&nbsp; Information about his life, including birth and census records, is not available.&nbsp; The information about the lynching of Virgil Bowers is provided by several contemporaneous news sources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Bowers was prosecuted in two trials for the shooting and killing of George Farris, a notable lumber dealer from Knox County, while at the London Fair on August 26, 1905. The first trial resulted in ten jurors voting for the death penalty and two jurors voting for a life sentence. He then faced his second trial with jurors gathered from Rock Castle County. The second trial resulted in the verdict of a life sentence, although ten jurors voted for the hanging of Bowers. Although he was tried and convicted, some newspapers mention that his appeal was being organized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\">In August 1905, two newspapers said that Bowers was under strong police protection, predicting that no mob would be able to reach him. However, while Bowers was detained in the Laurel County jail, a large mob, numbered between 40 to 200 men, gathered in front of the jail. On October 16, 1905 the masked mob broke into Laurel County Jail and kidnapped Bowers. The mob dragged him to an apple tree about half a mile from the jail, along a road leading to the city of Barbourville, where Bowers\u2018s hands were tied and he was hung from a noose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\">His body was found by James Bowling, a hotel porter within the early hours of October 17, 1905. Pinned to his body was a handwritten note. One writer of an article about the lynching explained that since the note quoted Abraham Lincoln &#8211;&nbsp; \u201cThe voice of the people must rule in all instances\u201d &#8211; the lynching of Bowers should be the end of the matter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\">However, the murder of Bowers caused a local uproar among the African American residents. They condemned the hanging and pressured the London police force to find and arrest the killers. Warrants were issued for five of the mob members, most from Knox county, in early February of 1906.&nbsp; According to the <em>Stanford (KY) Interior Journal<\/em>, over 100 indictments were issued in the Bowers case.&nbsp; However, the case was dismissed on insufficient evidence.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\">Please see the following website and blogpost, <a href=\"https:\/\/papershake.blogspot.com\/2015\/01\/man-convicted-of-murder-lynched-by-mob.html\">Shaking Paper and \u201cMan Convicted of Murder Lynched by Mob, Laurel, 1905,\u201d<\/a> for more articles and information on the lynching of Virgil Bowers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<h3>Location of the Lynching<\/h3><iframe srcdoc=\"    &lt;html&gt;\n    &lt;head&gt;\n        &lt;meta charset=&quot;utf-8&quot;&gt;\n        &lt;meta name=&quot;viewport&quot; content=&quot;initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=1,user-scalable=no&quot;&gt;\n        &lt;title&gt;Map&lt;\/title&gt;\n        &lt;style&gt;\n            html,\n            body,\n            #viewDiv {\n                padding: 0;\n                margin: 0;\n                height: 100%;\n                width: 100%;\n            }\n            #map-container {\n                width: 100%;\n                height: 100%;\n                border: none;\n            }\n        &lt;\/style&gt;\n        &lt;!-- Important: Here is most likely a bug in another system.\n        Maybe it is a kind of security system.\n        The script tag below is getting replaced by a script tag with src=&quot;about:blank&quot;\n        and data-opt-src=&quot;https:\/\/js.arcgis.com\/4.28\/&quot;. This prevents the script from being executed.\n        This seems like a reasonable security measure.\n        \n        Here comes the bug: Under some circumstances, the script tag is not replaced.\n        For example this comment here prevents the script tag from being replaced.\n        I had not enough time to figure out the exact circumstances.\n        \n        This might be a bug in the security system of the theme or wordpress or cPanel.\n        Unfortunately, I don&#039;t know.\n        The behavour is consistent across different browsers.\n        \n        So, DO NOT REMOVE THIS COMMENT!\n        This would make the script not load...--&gt;\n        &lt;script src=&quot;https:\/\/js.arcgis.com\/4.28\/&quot;&gt;&lt;\/script&gt;\n        &lt;link rel=&quot;stylesheet&quot; href=&quot;https:\/\/js.arcgis.com\/4.28\/esri\/themes\/light\/main.css&quot;&gt;\n    &lt;\/head&gt;\n    &lt;body&gt;\n    &lt;div id=&quot;map-container&quot;&gt;\n        &lt;div id=&quot;viewDiv&quot;&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\n        &lt;script&gt;\n\n        let COUNTY_NAME = &quot;Laurel&quot;;\n        let DISPLAY_NAME = &quot;Virgil Bowers&quot;;\n\n        require([\n            &quot;esri\/config&quot;,\n            &quot;esri\/views\/MapView&quot;,\n            &quot;esri\/WebMap&quot;,\n        ], function (esriConfig, MapView, WebMap) {\n            \/\/ This api key gets publicly exposed and is therfore set on ArcGIS developer dashboard (https:\/\/developers.arcgis.com\/dashboard\/)\n            \/\/ to only allow access from the domain drvk.createuky.net\/*\n            \/\/ the api key is assotiated with my university arcigs account (jorin.eggers@uky.edu)\n            esriConfig.apiKey =\n                &quot;AAPK6cdb85ace54f4cc29fbf70cc4be1ee32iBpwkG93Jq6PzkXztJKUGgCwTSYfLYwWV-g7Eqdw5I488cyRg3K-AjQeR14V4Rmb&quot;;\n\n            \/\/ This map is shared with the group &quot;drvk&quot; on ArcGIS online\n            \/\/ Link to the map: https:\/\/uky-edu.maps.arcgis.com\/home\/item.html?id=0e794250a5b4490dbd9b012796d2c6c9\n            \/\/ The name of the map is &quot;drvkfinalmap dynamic js base map&quot;\n            let webmap = new WebMap({\n                portalItem: {\n                    id: &quot;0e794250a5b4490dbd9b012796d2c6c9&quot;\n                }\n            });\n\n            let view = new MapView({\n                container: &quot;viewDiv&quot;,\n                map: webmap,  \n                zoom: 7,  \/\/ Sets zoom level based on level of detail (LOD)\n            });\n\n            view.when(function () {\n                const countyLayer = webmap.layers.find(function (layer) {\n                    \/\/ note that the name of the layer is &quot;Kentucky Counties &quot; with a space at the end\n                    return layer.title === &quot;Kentucky Counties &quot;;\n                });\n\n                const centroidLayer = webmap.layers.find(function (layer) {\n                    return layer.title === &quot;centroids&quot;;\n                });\n                \n                \/\/ filter for only the specific county given as parameter\n                const countyFilter = {\n                    type: &quot;FeatureFilter&quot;,\n                    where: &quot;County_all = &#039;&quot; 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+ DISPLAY_NAME + &quot;&#039;&quot; },\n                    symbol: {\n                        type: &quot;text&quot;, \n                        color: &quot;black&quot;,\n                        haloSize: 1.5,\n                        haloColor: &quot;white&quot;,\n                        yoffset: 12,\n                        font: {\n                            size: 12,\n                        }\n                    }\n                }\n                countyLayer.labelingInfo = [countyLabel];\n\n                \/\/ centroids (small red points in the center of each county) for all counties except the specific county get hidden\n                centroidLayer.visible = true;\n                centroidLayer.featureEffect = {\n                    type: &quot;FeatureEffect&quot;,\n                    filter: countyFilter,\n                    excludedEffect: &quot;opacity(0)&quot;\n                }\n\n                webmap.add(countyLayer);\n                webmap.add(centroidLayer);\n                view.goTo(countyLayer);\n            });\n        });\n\n        &lt;\/script&gt;\n    &lt;\/div&gt;\n    &lt;\/body&gt;\n    &lt;\/html&gt;\n    \" style=\"width: 100%; height: 360px; border: none;\"><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Virgil_Bowers.png\"><img data-opt-id=564737397  fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"724\" src=\"https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:1024\/h:724\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Virgil_Bowers.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:1024\/h:724\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Virgil_Bowers.png 1024w, https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:300\/h:212\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Virgil_Bowers.png 300w, https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:768\/h:543\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Virgil_Bowers.png 768w, https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:1527\/h:1080\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Virgil_Bowers.png 1536w, https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:1527\/h:1080\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Virgil_Bowers.png 2048w, https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:1200\/h:848\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Virgil_Bowers.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Multiple locations related to the lynching of Virgil Bowers.  Map created and developed by Hayden Hancock (2023).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"pgc-sgb-cb wp-block-pgcsimplygalleryblock-slider \" data-gallery-id=\"d9b55067\"style=&quot;min-height:400px&quot;><div class=\"sgb-preloader\" id=\"pr_d9b55067\">\n\t<div class=\"sgb-square\" style=\"background:#d4d4d4\"><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"sgb-square\" style=\"background:#d4d4d4\"><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"sgb-square\" style=\"background:#d4d4d4\"><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"sgb-square\" style=\"background:#d4d4d4\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"simply-gallery-amp pgc_sgb_slider \"><noscript><div class=\"sgb-gallery\"><div class=\"sgb-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/bowers-stanford-interior-journal-augus-t-29-1905\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img data-opt-id=2115739512  fetchpriority=\"high\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" width=\"210\" height=\"300\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:210\/h:300\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Bowers-Stanford-Interior-Journal-Augus.t-29-1905.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:210\/h:300\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Bowers-Stanford-Interior-Journal-Augus.t-29-1905.jpg 210w,https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Bowers-Stanford-Interior-Journal-Augus.t-29-1905.jpg 710w\" sizes=\"auto, 250px\"\/><\/a><div class=\"sgb-item-caption\"><em>Bowers, Stanford (KY) Interior Journal, August 29, 1905<\/em><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sgb-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/bowers-mountain-advocate-october-20-1905\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img data-opt-id=830069435  fetchpriority=\"high\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" width=\"86\" height=\"300\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:86\/h:300\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bowers-Mountain-advocate.-October-20-1905-scaled.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:86\/h:300\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bowers-Mountain-advocate.-October-20-1905-scaled.jpg 86w,https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:293\/h:1024\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bowers-Mountain-advocate.-October-20-1905-scaled.jpg 293w,https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bowers-Mountain-advocate.-October-20-1905-scaled.jpg 732w\" sizes=\"auto, 250px\"\/><\/a><div class=\"sgb-item-caption\"><em>Mountain Advocate, October 20, 1905<\/em><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sgb-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/bowers-hartford-republican-october-20-1905\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img data-opt-id=1359528989  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:113\/h:300\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bowers-Hartford-Republican-October-20-1905.jpg\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" width=\"113\" height=\"300\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20113%20300%22%20width%3D%22113%22%20height%3D%22300%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22113%22%20height%3D%22300%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" old-srcset=\"https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:113\/h:300\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bowers-Hartford-Republican-October-20-1905.jpg 113w,https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:387\/h:1024\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bowers-Hartford-Republican-October-20-1905.jpg 387w,https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bowers-Hartford-Republican-October-20-1905.jpg 672w\"\/><\/a><div class=\"sgb-item-caption\"><em>Hartford Republican, October 20, 1905<\/em><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sgb-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/bowers-crittenden-press-february-8-1906\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img data-opt-id=1462679797  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:300\/h:195\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bowers-Crittenden-Press-February-8-1906.jpg\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"195\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20300%20195%22%20width%3D%22300%22%20height%3D%22195%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22300%22%20height%3D%22195%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" old-srcset=\"https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:300\/h:195\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bowers-Crittenden-Press-February-8-1906.jpg 300w,https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bowers-Crittenden-Press-February-8-1906.jpg 995w\"\/><\/a><div class=\"sgb-item-caption\"><em>Crittenden Press, February 8, 1906<\/em><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sgb-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/bowers-colorado-statesman-october-21-1905\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img data-opt-id=1588182666  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:244\/h:300\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bowers-Colorado-Statesman-October-21-1905.jpg\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" width=\"244\" height=\"300\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20244%20300%22%20width%3D%22244%22%20height%3D%22300%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22244%22%20height%3D%22300%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" old-srcset=\"https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:244\/h:300\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bowers-Colorado-Statesman-October-21-1905.jpg 244w,https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bowers-Colorado-Statesman-October-21-1905.jpg 592w\"\/><\/a><div class=\"sgb-item-caption\"><em>Colorado Statesman, October 21, 1905<\/em><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sgb-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/the-mt-sterling-advocate-october-25-1905-image-3\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img data-opt-id=1277338131  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:236\/h:300\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/The-Mt.-Sterling-advocate.-October-25-1905-Image-3.jpg\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" width=\"236\" height=\"300\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20236%20300%22%20width%3D%22236%22%20height%3D%22300%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22236%22%20height%3D%22300%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" old-srcset=\"https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:236\/h:300\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/The-Mt.-Sterling-advocate.-October-25-1905-Image-3.jpg 236w,https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:804\/h:1024\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/The-Mt.-Sterling-advocate.-October-25-1905-Image-3.jpg 804w,https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/The-Mt.-Sterling-advocate.-October-25-1905-Image-3.jpg 958w\"\/><\/a><div class=\"sgb-item-caption\"><em>Mt. Sterling Advocate, October 25, 1905<\/em><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/noscript><\/div><script type=\"application\/json\" class=\"sgb-data\">{\"sliderAdminWidth\":840,\"galleryType\":\"pgc_sgb_slider\",\"galleryId\":\"d9b55067\",\"images\":[{\"id\":6205,\"title\":\"Bowers, Stanford Interior Journal August 29 1905\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/mlj4e7pkz1qt.i.optimole.com\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Bowers-Stanford-Interior-Journal-Augus.t-29-1905.jpg\",\"link\":\"https:\/\/drvk.createuky.net\/clone\/bowers-stanford-interior-journal-augus-t-29-1905\/\",\"alt\":\"\",\"description\":\"No title. Stanford Interior Journal, August 29, 1905. 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